MISY350 Exam 1 完整复习笔记 / Complete Review Notes
考试格式 / Exam Format:闭卷 / Closed-book | 20 选择/判断 (40%) + 10 简答 (30%) + 1 HTML/CSS 填空 (15%) + 1 CSS 编程题 (15%)
20 Multiple Choice/True-False (40%) + 10 Short Answer (30%) + 1 HTML/CSS Fill-in-blank (15%) + 1 CSS Coding (15%)
Topic 1:互联网与 Web 基础 / Internet & Web Fundamentals
核心术语 / Core Terminology
| 术语 Term | 含义 (中文) / Definition (English) |
|---|
| Portability | Web 技术无需修改即可跨设备和平台运行的特性 / The ability of web technologies to run across different devices and platforms without modification |
| Client-side programming | 在浏览器(客户端)端运行的代码,如 HTML/CSS/JavaScript / Code that runs in the browser (client), such as HTML/CSS/JavaScript |
| Server-side programming | 在服务器上响应客户端请求的代码,如搜索引擎、数据库操作 / Code that runs on the server to respond to client requests |
| Hyperlink | 可点击跳转到另一个资源的链接;Web 最基本特征之一 / A clickable element that navigates to another resource; one of the most fundamental features of the Web |
| Web server | 存储并向客户端提供 Web 资源的计算机软件,如 Apache、IIS / A computer program that stores and serves web resources |
| URI | Uniform Resource Identifier(统一资源标识符)/ A string that identifies a resource on the Internet |
| URL | Uniform Resource Locator(统一资源定位符),不仅标识资源还指明如何定位它 / A type of URI that specifies how to locate the resource |
| Hostname | URL 中服务器的全限定域名,由 DNS 解析为 IP 地址 / The fully qualified domain name, resolved by DNS into an IP address |
| HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol(超文本传输协议),客户端与服务器通信的应用层协议 / The application-layer protocol for communication between clients and servers |
| DNS | Domain Name System(域名系统),将域名翻译为 IP 地址 / Translates human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses |
| W3C | World Wide Web Consortium(万维网联盟),1994 年由 Tim Berners-Lee 创建 / Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee; develops Web standards |
URL 结构解析 / URL Structure Breakdown
http://www.deitel.com/books/downloads.html
│ │ │
协议 主机名 资源路径
Protocol Hostname Resource path
http:// → 使用 HTTP 协议 / Uses the HTTP protocolwww.deitel.com → hostname,DNS 将其解析为 IP 地址 / Resolved by DNS into an IP address/books/downloads.html → 服务器上的资源路径 / The resource path on the server
GET vs POST(重点区分 / Key Distinction)
| 对比点 Comparison | GET | POST |
|---|
| 数据位置 / Data location | 附加在 URL 后的查询字符串中 / Appended to the URL as a query string | 嵌入 HTTP 消息体中 / Embedded in the HTTP message body |
| 示例 / Example | google.com/search?q=deitel&source=chrome | URL 不含数据 / URL contains no visible data |
| 查询字符串 / Query string | ? 分隔路径与数据,& 分隔多个参数 / ? separates path from data | 无查询字符串 / No query string |
| 数据长度 / Data length | 有长度上限(受 URL 长度限制)/ Has an upper limit | 无限制,适合大量数据 / No limit; suitable for large amounts of data |
| 隐私性 / Privacy | 数据在 URL 中可见,不安全 / Data is visible — not secure | 数据隐藏在请求体中,相对安全 / Data is hidden — relatively secure |
| 缓存 / Caching | 浏览器可缓存 GET 响应 / Browser may cache GET responses | 浏览器不缓存 POST 响应 / Browser does NOT cache POST responses |
| 常见用途 / Common use | 获取/检索资源(搜索、浏览)/ Retrieving resources | 提交/发送数据(登录、表单)/ Submitting data |
客户端缓存 / Client-side Caching
- 浏览器将最近访问的页面保存在本地磁盘上 / The browser saves recently visited pages on local disk
- HTTP 响应可指定内容的"新鲜度"时间 / HTTP responses can specify a “freshness duration”
- 若缓存未过期 → 直接从缓存加载 / If cache has not expired → load from cache
- 若服务器返回 “not modified”(304)→ 也使用缓存 / If server returns 304 → also use cache
- POST 请求的响应不被缓存 / POST responses are not cached
- 遇到页面不同步问题 → 清除浏览器缓存 / Clear browser cache if pages are out-of-sync
三层架构 / Three-Tier Architecture
[ 客户端/表示层 ] ←→ [ 中间层/业务逻辑层 ] ←→ [ 数据层/信息层 ]
Client / Middle / Data /
Presentation Business Logic Information
浏览器、UI 服务器逻辑 数据库 (RDBMS)
Browser, UI Server logic Database (RDBMS)
- Bottom tier(数据层):存储数据,通常使用 RDBMS / Stores data, typically using a RDBMS
- Middle tier(中间层):Controller logic + Business logic + Presentation logic / Handles requests, enforces business rules, generates responses
- Top tier(客户端/表示层):浏览器渲染 HTML/CSS/JavaScript / The browser renders content
MVC 模式 / MVC Pattern
| 组成部分 Component | 含义 (中文) / Definition (English) |
|---|
| Model(模型) | 代表应用数据和业务规则 / Represents the application data and business rules |
| View(视图) | 渲染用户界面,将数据呈现给用户 / Renders the user interface and presents data to the user |
| Controller(控制器) | 解释用户操作,将其映射到 Model 或 View 的动作 / Interprets user actions and maps them to actions |
Topic 2:HTML5
基本术语 / Basic Terminology
| 术语 Term | 含义 (中文) / Definition (English) |
|---|
| Tag(标签) | HTML 关键字,用尖括号 <> 包裹 / An HTML keyword enclosed in angle brackets |
| Element(元素) | 开标签 + 内容 + 闭标签组成的完整结构 / A complete structure of opening tag + content + closing tag |
| Attribute(属性) | 在开标签内指定的名值对 / A name-value pair inside an opening tag |
| Void element(空元素) | 没有内容和闭标签的元素 / An element with no content and no closing tag |
文档结构 / Document Structure
<!DOCTYPE html> <!-- 文档类型声明,必须在第一行 / Document type declaration; must be on the first line -->
<html lang="en"> <!-- HTML 根元素;HTML 不区分大小写 / Root element; case-insensitive -->
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"> <!-- 字符编码 / Character encoding -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="Author" content="Alan Wang">
<meta name="Description" content="Our first HTML document">
<title>Our First HTML Document</title> <!-- head 中唯一必须的元素 / Only required element in head -->
</head>
<body>
<!-- 可视内容全部写在 body 中 / All visible content goes inside body -->
</body>
</html>
Head 元素 / Head Elements
| 元素/属性 Element/Attribute | 作用 (中文) / Purpose (English) | 示例 / Example |
|---|
<title> | 页面标题,显示在浏览器标签栏 / Page title shown in browser tab | <title>My Page</title> |
<meta charset> | 声明字符编码,UTF-8 为推荐值 / Declares character encoding; UTF-8 recommended | <meta charset="UTF-8"> |
<meta name="keywords"> | 页面关键词,供搜索引擎使用 / Page keywords for search engines | <meta name="keywords" content="gaming"> |
<meta name="description"> | 页面描述,搜索引擎结果中的摘要 / Page description in search results | <meta name="description" content="..."> |
<meta name="author"> | 页面作者 / Page author | <meta name="author" content="Junli Wang"> |
<meta name="viewport"> | 控制移动端视口缩放 / Controls mobile viewport scaling | <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> |
Block-Level vs Inline 元素 / Block-Level vs Inline Elements
| 类型 Type | 特点 (中文) / Characteristics (English) | 常见元素 / Common Elements |
|---|
| Block-level(块级) | 独占一行,宽度自动撑满父容器 / Occupies its own line; width fills parent | h1–h6, p, div, ol, ul, li, table, form |
| Inline(行内) | 不换行,只占内容所需宽度 / Does not start a new line; only takes content width | a, img, strong, em, span, br |
Body 常用元素速查 / Body Common Elements Quick Reference
<!-- 标题 / Headings:h1 最大,h6 最小 -->
<h1>This is a level 1 heading</h1>
<h2 id="level2">This is a <span>level 2</span> heading</h2>
<!-- span 是行内分组元素 / span is an inline grouping element -->
<!-- 段落 / Paragraph -->
<p>This is a paragraph. Here is a <a href="https://www.swufe.edu.cn">link</a>.</p>
<!-- 链接 / Hyperlinks -->
<a href="https://example.com">External link / 外部链接</a>
<a href="#level2">Link to Level 2 heading / 内部锚点</a> <!-- 目标元素需设 id / target needs id -->
<!-- 图片 / Image(void element,无闭标签) -->
<img src="localswufe.jpg" width="300px" alt="SWUFE logo">
<!-- src: 图片路径 / image path | alt: 替代文字 / alt text -->
<!-- 特殊字符 / Special Characters -->
© → © <!-- 版权符号 / Copyright symbol -->
<!-- 有序列表 / Ordered List -->
<ol>
<li>First Item</li>
<li>Second Item</li>
</ol>
<!-- 无序列表 / Unordered List(可嵌套 / can be nested) -->
<ul>
<li>First Item
<ol>
<li>sub item 1</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Second Item</li>
</ul>
<!-- 块级分组 / Block grouping -->
<div>
<h1>This is a level 1 heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</div>
<!-- 行内分组 / Inline grouping -->
<h2>This is a <span>level 2</span> heading</h2>
<!-- 换行 / Line break(void element) -->
<br>
表格结构 / Table Structure
<table>
<thead> <!-- thead:表头区域 / table header section -->
<tr> <!-- tr: table row / 表格行 -->
<th>First Name</th> <!-- th: table header cell(加粗居中)-->
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody> <!-- tbody:表体数据区域 / table body -->
<tr>
<td>Alan</td> <!-- td: table data cell / 数据单元格 -->
<td>Wang</td>
<td>25</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
| 属性 Attribute | 说明 (中文) / Description (English) |
|---|
method | 提交方式 / Submission method:get 或 post |
action | 表单数据提交的目标 URL / The target URL for form data submission |
autocomplete | 是否启用浏览器自动补全 / Whether to enable browser autocomplete:on 或 off |
| type 值 Value | 用途 (中文) / Purpose (English) | 示例 / Example |
|---|
text | 单行文本输入 / Single-line text input | <input type="text" name="fullname" placeholder="Enter name"> |
password | 密码输入(字符遮蔽)/ Password input (masked) | <input type="password" name="password"> |
submit | 提交按钮 / Submit button | <input type="submit" value="Send"> |
reset | 重置按钮,清空表单 / Reset button; clears form | <input type="reset" value="Clear"> |
checkbox | 复选框,同 name 为一组可多选 / Checkbox; multiple selections allowed | <input type="checkbox" name="interest" value="fps"> |
radio | 单选按钮,同 name 为一组互斥 / Radio button; mutually exclusive | — |
email | 邮箱输入,浏览器自动验证格式 / Email input; auto-validates format | <input type="email" name="email"> |
tel | 电话号码输入 / Telephone number input | <input type="tel" name="contact"> |
number | 数字输入,可设 min/max / Number input with min/max | <input type="number" name="age" min="1" max="120"> |
date | 日期选择器 / Date picker | <input type="date" name="since"> |
range | 滑动条 / Range slider | <input type="range" name="hours" min="1" max="10"> |
hidden | 隐藏字段,随表单提交但用户不可见 / Hidden field; submitted but invisible | — |
| 属性 Attribute | 说明 (中文) / Description (English) |
|---|
autofocus | 页面加载时自动获得焦点 / Automatically gains focus on page load |
placeholder | 输入框中的灰色提示文字 / Gray hint text in the input box |
required | 必填项,提交前浏览器自动验证 / Required field; browser auto-validates |
select(下拉菜单)与 label 的写法 / select (Dropdown) and label Patterns
<!-- 方式一:label 作为独立标签 + for 绑定 id -->
<!-- Style 1: label as standalone tag + for binding to id -->
<label for="platform">Preferred Gaming Platform:</label><br>
<select id="platform" name="platform" required>
<option value="">-- Select a platform --</option>
<option value="pc">PC</option>
<option value="playstation">PlayStation</option>
</select>
<!-- 方式二:label 包裹 input/select -->
<!-- Style 2: label wrapping the input/select -->
<label>Rate our site:
<select name="rating">
<option value="5">Amazing</option>
</select>
</label>
checkbox 复选框分组 / Checkbox Grouping
<label>What do you enjoy? (check all that apply):</label><br>
<input type="checkbox" id="fps" name="interest" value="fps">
<label for="fps">FPS Games (CS2, Valorant)</label><br>
<input type="checkbox" id="sandbox" name="interest" value="sandbox">
<label for="sandbox">Sandbox / Open World (Minecraft, GTA)</label><br>
<!-- 所有 checkbox 使用相同的 name="interest" 形成一组,可多选 -->
<!-- All checkboxes share name="interest" to form a group; multiple selections allowed -->
<form method="get" action="./contact.html" autocomplete="on">
<!-- method="get": 数据附加在 URL 后 / data appended to URL -->
<label for="fullname">Full Name (required):</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fullname" name="fullname"
placeholder="Enter your full name"
required autofocus><br><br>
<label for="email">Email Address (required):</label><br>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email"
placeholder="[email protected]"
required><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Send Message">
</form>
页面结构元素 / Page Structure Elements
| 元素 Element | 用途 (中文) / Purpose (English) |
|---|
<header> | 页面或区段的头部区域(≠ <head>)/ Header area of a page or section (≠ <head>) |
<nav> | 导航链接的分组容器 / A container for grouping navigation links |
<figure> + <figcaption> | 图表/图片与其说明文字的组合 / Figure/image with its caption |
<article> | 独立的、可独立分发的内容区块 / A self-contained content block |
<section> | 相关内容的分组 / A grouping of related content |
<aside> | 侧边内容,补充信息 / Side content, supplementary information |
<summary> + <details> | summary 可点击展开 details 中的隐藏内容 / Clickable summary expands hidden details |
<mark> | 高亮/标记文本,默认黄色背景 / Highlighted text, typically yellow background |
<wbr> | Word Break Opportunity(建议换行符)/ Suggested line break point |
<footer> | 页面或区段的底部区域 / Footer area of a page or section |
Topic 3:CSS3 基础 / CSS3 Basics
CSS 优势 / Advantages of CSS
- 分离内容(HTML)与展示(CSS)/ Separates content (HTML) from presentation (CSS)
- 全站统一风格:修改一个 .css 文件即可改变整个网站外观 / Site-wide consistent styling with one .css file
- 减少网络传输:外部 CSS 文件被浏览器缓存 / Reduced network traffic: external CSS files are cached
- 跨设备适配:通过媒体查询等为不同设备提供不同样式 / Cross-device adaptation via media queries
- 更好的可访问性 / Better accessibility for assistive tools
三种写法 / Three Writing Methods
优先级 / Priority:内联 > 嵌入 > 外部 / Inline > Embedded > External
<!-- ① Inline(内联样式)——写在元素的 style 属性中,优先级最高 -->
<!-- ① Inline styles — written in the element's style attribute; highest priority -->
<p style="font-size: 20pt; color: deepskyblue;">Inline style example / 内联样式示例</p>
<!-- ② Embedded(嵌入样式)——写在 <head> 的 <style> 标签内 -->
<!-- ② Embedded styles — written in <style> inside <head> -->
<head>
<style>
h1 { text-align: center; }
h1, p { color: deepskyblue; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; }
</style>
</head>
<!-- ③ External(外部样式表)——推荐!引入独立 .css 文件 -->
<!-- ③ External stylesheet — recommended! Links an independent .css file -->
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
</head>
Topic 4:选择器 / Selectors
/* 元素选择器 / Element Selector:选中所有同类型元素 */
h1 { color: rgba(215, 9, 222, 0.869); }
/* 多元素选择器 / Multiple Element Selector(逗号分隔)*/
h1, p { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; }
/* 后代选择器 / Descendant Selector(空格分隔)*/
ul li { font-size: 18px; }
li ul { font-style: italic; } /* 只选中 li 内部的 ul */
/* ID 选择器 / ID Selector(# 前缀,页面内必须唯一)*/
#logo { width: 200px; height: 100px; }
/* Class 选择器 / Class Selector(. 前缀,可复用)*/
.nodec { text-decoration: none; } /* 去掉下划线 / remove underline */
.desc { font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 20px; color: #ffa600; }
/* 元素+类选择器 / Element + Class Selector:只选中带该 class 的特定元素 */
a.nodec { font-weight: bolder; } /* 只有 <a class="nodec"> 被选中 */
/* 伪类选择器 / Pseudo-Class Selector:访问 HTML 未明确声明的元素状态 */
a:hover { text-decoration: none; } /* 鼠标悬停时去掉下划线 */
/* 常见伪类 / Common pseudo-classes: :hover | :link | :visited */
Topic 5:样式冲突解决 / Cascading & Conflict Resolution
优先级从高到低 / Priority from Highest to Lowest:
内联样式(inline style)
> ID 选择器(ID selector)
> Class 选择器(Class selector)
> 元素选择器(Element selector)
> 作者样式 > 用户样式 > 浏览器默认样式
Author style > User style > Browser default
| 规则 Rule | 说明 (中文) / Explanation (English) |
|---|
| 继承 / Inheritance | 父元素的 CSS 属性默认被子元素继承 / Parent element’s CSS properties are inherited by child elements |
| 特异性 / Specificity | 子元素自身定义的样式优先级高于继承自父元素的样式 / Child-defined styles have higher priority than inherited styles |
| 作者 > 用户 > 浏览器 / Author > User > Browser | 开发者编写的样式优先于用户设置,再优先于浏览器默认样式 / Developer styles > user settings > browser defaults |
| 级联 / Cascade | 多个样式来源按优先级合并,最终效果是叠加结果 / Multiple style sources merged by priority |
Topic 6:Font & Text 属性 / Font & Text Properties
/* font-weight:字体粗细 / Font Weight */
p { font-weight: bold; } /* bold | normal | bolder | lighter */
p { font-weight: 700; } /* 100–900;700 = bold,400 = normal */
/* font-family:字体族 / Font Family */
body { font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; }
/* "Times New Roman" 为首选(带空格需加引号);serif 为泛类兜底 */
/* "Times New Roman" preferred (quotes required); serif as generic family fallback */
/* font-size:字体大小 / Font Size */
p { font-size: 17px; } /* 像素(绝对单位)/ pixels (absolute unit) */
p { font-size: 1.5em; } /* em:相对于父元素字号 / relative to parent */
p { font-size: 1rem; } /* rem:相对于根元素字号 / relative to root */
p { font-size: large; } /* keyword: xx-small | x-small | small | medium | large | x-large | xx-large */
/* font-style:斜体 / Font Style */
em { font-style: italic; } /* none | italic | oblique */
/* text-decoration:文字装饰线 / Text Decoration */
.style1 { text-decoration: overline; } /* 上划线 / line above text */
.style2 { text-decoration: underline; } /* 下划线 / underline */
a { text-decoration: underline; } /* 链接默认有下划线 */
.nodec { text-decoration: none; } /* 去掉装饰线 / remove decoration */
/* 可选值 / values: none | underline | overline | line-through | blink */
/* color:文字颜色 / Text Color */
h1 { color: deepskyblue; } /* 颜色关键字 / color keyword */
h1 { color: #ffa600; } /* 6 位十六进制 / 6-digit hex */
h1 { color: #06f; } /* 3 位十六进制 = #0066ff / 3-digit = #0066ff */
h1 { color: rgb(255, 166, 0); } /* RGB 整数 (0–255) */
h1 { color: rgba(215, 9, 222, 0.869); } /* RGBA:第 4 参数为透明度 0~1 */
/* text-align:水平对齐 / Horizontal Alignment */
h1 { text-align: center; }
.style1 { text-align: left; }
/* text-indent:首行缩进 / First-line Indent */
.style1 { text-indent: 2em; } /* 缩进 2 个字符宽度 / indent 2 character widths */
Topic 7:Box Model(盒模型)/ Box Model
Box Model 只适用于 Block-level 元素(body, p, h1~h6, div, table, form 等)。
Inline 元素可通过 display: block 转换后应用 Box Model。
Box Model only applies to Block-level elements. Inline elements can use Box Model after display: block.
┌─────────────────────────────────┐
│ margin(外边距) │ ← 元素边框与外部内容之间的距离
│ margin (outer spacing) │ ← Distance between element border and outside content
│ ┌───────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ border(边框) │ │ ← 围绕内容和内边距的边界线
│ │ border │ │ ← Boundary line surrounding content + padding
│ │ ┌─────────────────────┐ │ │
│ │ │ padding(内边距) │ │ │ ← 内容与边框之间的距离
│ │ │ padding │ │ │ ← Distance between content and border
│ │ │ ┌───────────────┐ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ content(内容)│ │ │ │ ← 实际内容区域
│ │ │ │ content │ │ │ │ ← Actual content area (text, images, etc.)
│ │ │ └───────────────┘ │ │ │
│ │ └─────────────────────┘ │ │
│ └───────────────────────────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────┘
.style1 {
/* padding:内边距(内容到边框的距离)/ padding: inner spacing */
padding: 15px;
/* 简写规则 / shorthand: 顺时针 上→右→下→左 / clockwise top→right→bottom→left */
/* padding: 10px; 四边相同 / all 4 sides equal */
/* padding: 10px 20px; 上下 | 左右 / top-bottom | left-right */
/* padding: 10px 20px 15px 5px; 上 右 下 左 / top right bottom left */
/* border:边框 / border — style 必须指定!/ style is required! */
border: 2px dashed #336699; /* width style color */
/* 可选 style:solid | dashed | dotted | double | groove | ridge | inset | outset */
/* margin:外边距(元素边框到外部内容的距离)/ margin: outer spacing */
margin: 20px;
/* margin: auto 可用于水平居中块元素 / margin: auto centers block elements horizontally */
background-color: #f5f9ff;
}
Topic 8:定位 / Positioning
/* Relative Positioning(相对定位)*/
/* 元素相对于自身正常位置偏移,不脱离文档流 */
/* Element is offset relative to its normal position; does NOT leave document flow */
.title {
position: relative;
height: 80px;
}
/* Absolute Positioning(绝对定位)*/
/* 脱离文档流,位置相对于最近的 positioned(非 static)祖先元素 */
/* Leaves document flow; positioned relative to nearest positioned ancestor */
.icon img {
position: absolute;
z-index: 0; /* 堆叠层级 / stacking level:0 在下层 */
left: 30px;
height: 65px;
}
.caption {
position: absolute;
left: 30px;
top: 10px;
z-index: 1; /* z-index 更大,覆盖在 icon 上方 / higher z-index, overlays on top */
font-size: 24px;
font-weight: bold;
color: rgb(34, 163, 202);
padding: 2px 5px;
}
/* z-index:控制重叠元素的前后顺序,需配合 position 使用 */
/* z-index controls stacking order; requires position: relative/absolute/fixed */
注意 / Note:HTML 元素默认从上到下、从左到右排列(默认文档流 / normal document flow)。position 默认值为 static。
Topic 9:Background 属性 / Background Properties
body {
background-image: url("background.png"); /* 背景图片路径 / background image path */
background-position: center top; /* 定位 / positioning: top|bottom|center|left|right */
background-repeat: no-repeat; /* 不平铺 / do not tile (default: repeat) */
background-attachment: local; /* 背景附着方式 / attachment: scroll|fixed|local */
background-size: cover; /* 背景尺寸 / size: cover|contain */
}
Topic 10:text-shadow & box-shadow
/* text-shadow: 水平偏移 垂直偏移 模糊半径 颜色; */
/* text-shadow: h-offset v-offset blur-radius color; */
h1 { text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); }
.glow { text-shadow: 0 0 10px deepskyblue; } /* 发光效果 / glow effect */
/* box-shadow: 水平偏移 垂直偏移 模糊半径 颜色; */
/* box-shadow: h-offset v-offset blur-radius color; */
.style1 { box-shadow: 6px 6px 10px #cccccc; }
.style2 { box-shadow: 6px 6px 10px #bbbbbb; }
Topic 11:CSS Animation(关键帧动画)/ Keyframe Animation
CSS 动画不需要 JavaScript 或 Flash。需要两部分配合:
CSS animation requires no JavaScript or Flash. Two parts work together:
① animation 属性(写在目标元素上)/ animation Property (on target element)
#logo {
position: absolute;
right: 400px;
top: 25px;
animation: movingImage linear 5s 1s infinite normal;
/*
name: movingImage → 对应的 @keyframes 名称 / matching @keyframes name
timing-function: linear → 匀速 / constant speed
duration: 5s → 每次动画持续 5 秒 / each cycle lasts 5 seconds
delay: 1s → 延迟 1 秒开始 / start 1s after page load
iteration-count: infinite → 无限循环 / loop forever
direction: normal → 正向播放 / play forward (alternate = 正向→反向交替)
*/
}
② @keyframes 规则(定义动画帧)/ @keyframes Rule (defines animation frames)
@keyframes movingImage {
0% { top: 25px; right: 400px; }
25% { top: 75px; right: 400px; } /* 先向下移动 / move down */
50% { top: 75px; right: 350px; } /* 再向左移动 / then move left */
75% { top: 25px; right: 350px; } /* 再向上移动 / then move up */
100% { top: 25px; right: 400px; } /* 回到原位 / return to start */
}
/* 0% = 起始帧 / starting frame; 100% = 结束帧 / ending frame */
/* 两帧动画可用 from / to 代替 0% / 100% */
浏览器前缀 / Browser Prefixes
.element {
-webkit-animation: movingImage linear 5s 1s infinite normal; /* Chrome/Safari */
-moz-animation: movingImage linear 5s 1s infinite normal; /* Firefox */
animation: movingImage linear 5s 1s infinite normal; /* 标准写法放最后 */
}
Topic 12:display 属性 / display Property
.element {
display: block; /* 显示为块级元素 / display as block-level element */
display: inline; /* 显示为行内元素 / display as inline element */
display: inline-block; /* 行内块:不换行但可设宽高 / inline but can set width/height */
display: none; /* 完全隐藏,不占空间 / completely hidden, takes no space */
}
四、交互式演示页面 / Interactive Demo Pages
下方嵌入了两份完整的可交互复习笔记页面,可直接操作体验:
The two complete interactive review pages are embedded below for hands-on experience:
CSS3 复习笔记(含动画演示)/ CSS3 Review Notes (with animation demo)
五、综合速查表 / Comprehensive Quick Reference
| 属性 Property | 常用值 / Common Values | 备注 / Notes |
|---|
font-weight | bold / normal / 100–900 | 700=bold, 400=normal |
font-size | px / em / rem / small / large | 数字与单位之间无空格 / no space between number and unit |
font-style | normal / italic / oblique | — |
font-family | "Times New Roman", Times, serif | 含空格字体名需加引号 / quote names with spaces |
text-decoration | none / underline / overline / line-through | — |
color | keyword / #hex / rgb() / rgba() | #06f = #0066ff;rgba 第4参数 0~1 |
text-align | left / center / right | 水平对齐 / horizontal alignment |
text-indent | 2em / 3em / 20px | 仅缩进首行 / first line only |
padding | 上右下左(顺时针)/ clockwise | 内容到边框的距离 / content to border |
margin | 上右下左 或 auto / clockwise or auto | auto 用于水平居中 / for horizontal centering |
border | width style color 简写 / shorthand | style 必须存在 / style is required |
position | static / relative / absolute | absolute 脱离文档流 / leaves document flow |
z-index | 整数 / integer | 需配合 position 使用 / requires position |
background-image | url("path") | 背景图片 / background image |
background-repeat | repeat / no-repeat / repeat-x / repeat-y | — |
background-position | top/bottom/center 或 px/% | — |
background-attachment | scroll / fixed / local | — |
background-size | cover / contain | — |
box-shadow | h-offset v-offset blur color | — |
text-shadow | h-offset v-offset blur color | — |
animation | name timing duration delay count direction | 配合 @keyframes 使用 / use with @keyframes |
display | block / inline / inline-block / none | none 完全隐藏 / completely hidden |
使用说明 / Usage Notes
- 上方嵌入了两份完整的复习笔记页面,支持滚动浏览和实时交互演示 / Two complete review pages embedded above, with scrolling and live interaction
- HTML5 页面内置了表单操作、导航锚点跳转等功能 / The HTML5 page includes form interaction and navigation anchor jumps
- CSS 页面内置了动画实时渲染(slideIn / spin / bounce)/ The CSS page includes live animation rendering
- 如需全屏查看或单独收藏,可直接访问 / For fullscreen or separate access: